Join the Genographic Project - National Geographic IBM Waitt Family Foundation - LexiLine Journal 409

We urge everyone to join
The Genographic Project
(a research partnership of National Geographic and IBM,
supported by The Waitt Family Foundation (of "Gateway Computers").

Dear Readers,

One of our main interests is the ancient history of mankind, especially in terms of the impact of that history - real or imagined - on current events. Consider the Middle East, for example, without that history. It would be a much different place than what we see today. Unfortunately, the inhabitants of that region of the Earth, and thus also the rest of the world, are all victims of events which took place thousands of years before us. And these historical events are selectively chosen and often inaccurately portrayed. After all, who were the Jews and Palestinians in 10000 BC, and who occupied Israel in 100000 BC? Potentially, the Holy Land is the cradle for all modern humanity, and if so, it belongs to everyone.

We live in a world marked internationally by hatred, violence, war and now the threat of nuclear war, all of which are senseless developments when one considers that all men and women on this planet are closely related genetically, differing from one another minimally.

Political history may separate men and nations, but genetic history unites them. Genetically seen, the difference between a Christian, Jew, Hindu, Buddhist or Muslim is small. The "big" difference exists primarily in the imaginations of men, but not in actual physical reality.

The only way to limit the senseless circle of international violence is to educate the masses about their true heritage and the close genetic relationship between all human beings. God did not create Christians, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists or Muslims. Rather, God created only human beings, with no religious affiliation. Religion is man's invention, not God's.

The National Geographic - in a joint project with IBM and the Waitt Family Foundation - is currently in the process of conducting The Genographic Project, "a landmark study of the human journey". As written by the National Geographic about The Tree of Humanity:

"We were born on the African savanna. Humanity is rooted there.... At some point we left our African cradle and colonized the world. Yet the saga of what must have been our greatest epic journeys has lain untold for ages. A new explorer, however, thinks it is possible to now tell that story....

One by one, the outlines of epic migrations are being sketched.... So a map is emerging, but it is a map with much terra incognita [unknown terrain]. To chart more accurately this formative stage of human history, we need to expand the pool of genetic samples available to science."

In other words, to tell the story of ancient human migration on our planet accurately, The Genographic Project needs more DNA data, your DNA data. As the National Geographic writes:

"Public participation is critical to the project's success. By purchasing a Genographic Project Public Participation Kit [the price of ca. $125 per kit is far below what labs generally charge for such a DNA analysis], you may discover something about your own genetic past as well. You have an ancient story encoded in your genes, too.... Your results ... will indicate ... the ... genetic markers [your] ancestors bequeathed you thousands of years ago, which chart your remote ancestors' migratory wanderings and indicate from which branch you hang on the global family tree. And if you choose to add your results to the research database, your profile will help fill out that greater tree, better articulating its profusion of twigs and branches."

Hence, we urge everyone to join the National Geographic / IBM / Waitt Family Foundation Genographic Project. And urge your friends to join as well.

Buena Vista Peru Astronomical Alignments Discovered - LexiLine Journal 408

Stephen Guthrie has sent our group the following April 24, 2006 General Science link from Physorg.com
http://www.physorg.com/news65114355.html
and an article titled
Researchers Unearths Earliest Western Sculptures and Astronomical Alignments in Peru
which is summarized there as follows:

" In one of the most significant archaeological and anthropological finds in recent history, Robert Benfer, professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Missouri-Columbia, has discovered the earliest astronomical alignments and sculptures in the round, which is a sculpture designed to be viewed from many directions and angles, in the New World in Buena Vista, Peru."

For our purposes, the most significant findings are these:

"While excavating the temple and sculptures, Benfer discovered several astronomical alignments at the Buena Vista site that suggest Andeans used astronomical signs and constellations to guide their agricultural activities. The lines incorporate points at the temple entrance, at the offering chamber, on sculptures, and on surrounding ridges that align with the rising and setting sun on days of astronomical significance, such as the equinox and solstices. For example, from west to east, the offering chamber aligns with a modified rock on an eastern ridge, forming a 114-degree azimuth and pointing toward the rising sun on December 21, which is the southern hemisphere's summer solstice. This date begins the season where flood waters rise, El Ni�o weather patterns are predicted and plants should be planted. On March 21, when flood waters recede, this same line points to the rising Andean constellation of the Fox. In addition, among the ancient statues Benfer excavated in Buena Vista is a personified disk that frowns at the sunset on June 21, the day marking the beginning of the harvest.

Benfer has been working at this site in Peru for the past four years but only discovered the Temple of the Fox in June 2004; the frowning disk was unearthed in June 2005. He said no one could have predicted to find something so old, but he added that other Andean temple sites he has studied contain perfect 114-degree alignments and similar astronomical features, which act as additional evidence to support his findings. "

These findings are discussed in more detail in the NSF Proposal (December 2004), Development of a Coastal-Valley Dual Economic System in Preceramic Peru: Project Description, by Robert A. Benfer, Jr. and ElizabethJ. Reitz at
http://rcp.missouri.edu/bobbenfer/pdfs/BenferReitzNSF04.pdf where it is written

"We obtained this alignment of the temple between the middle of the original, unaltered western entrance with a "false door" at the rear of the ofrendaria as 114 degrees west of north. Benfer found that lifting the barrel of the transit up from a line looking east established by the door and false door, caused the cross hairs to center on a rock to the east that had earlier been noted by the field crew supervisor, Duncan. The next day, Benfer turned the transit to the east and found it centered on a flat area between two rock spires, which he had noted on the ridge of the western horizon. Benfer e-mailed the 114-degree
value to an astronomer (Adkins) who reported back that the alignment would have signaled the Austral summer solstice at sunset on December 22, 4,200 B.C. The actual alignment of these events at 2,200 B.C., would have been 114.5 degrees; Benfer measured 114 degrees west of north with a transit that he only read to the nearest degree, unaware of the appropriate 114.5-degree alignment at that time. Figure 3 shows that the temple was set in the larger structure at a slight angle, an angle that was necessary to obtain the solar azimuth orientation.

Although the sunset would be very close to a platform visible to the west in the 114-degree line at any time in the archaeological past, this is not true for other features of the visible sky. Today, the Milky Way presents a different nighttime pattern than would have been visible from this latitude 4,200 years ago due to precession, the slow (26,000 year
period) rotation of the earth about an axis normal to the orbital plane. Because of precession, Earth's diurnal (daily rotation) axis points towards different parts of the celestial sphere during different epochs. Over time, this gradual shift has the effect of a slow but continuous change in the night sky's appearance as seen by an observer at a given latitude. So it was surprising to learn further from Adkins that the fox, toad, and llama constellations would have appeared on March 22, 2200 B.C., before sunrise just over the eastern mountain ridge, along a line defined by the rock, which inspection showed was modified. Three
platforms in native stone are nearby. March 22 would be the last possible time for planting in years in which floods destroyed previous plantings since rainfall would diminish dramatically after that date. The foxes would have been producing their kits around the end of December; their calls are used today to prognosticate fertility in the Andes (Howard-Malverde 1984). The appearance of the fox constellation in the eastern horizon after sunset March 22 would have signaled the end of the opportunity for planting."

Now of course, the archaeologists have not fully understood the significance of the azimuth of ca. 114.5 degrees which is a number similar to one I have been working with at the Sternhof site of Oesterholz in Germany and upon which I will be giving a speech on 27 May 2006 in Horn-Bad Meinberg to the annual conference of the Walther Machalett Study Group on Prehistory.

114.5 degrees (114.6 is actually closer), as I have discovered for ancient archaeoastronomy at Oesterholz, is the diameter of the firmament (114.6 x pi = 360 degrees), i.e. it is the diameter of the sky in the stars, where the starry sky is seen as a large circle or bowl above the Earth. The ancients knew this and thus measured the heavens using this angle.

Maya Chronology and Halley's Comet Revisited - LexiLine Journal 407

I had a question from a reader about my work on Maya Chronology on whether they were based on some Codex. See http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi75.htm

Here is the answer that I wrote:

My calculations are not based on any Codex.
The mainstreamers can read the raw data as such and need no help with that.

However, their astronomical interpretations of the numbers are faulty since their cardinal dates are wrong.

What I am saying is the entire Maya chronology is off by ca. 819 days in terms of the start of the calendar. As I write on my website LexiLine:

"Often in Maya dating of the so-called Supplementary Series, the so-called IS (Initial Series date) is preceded by a notation of 819 days. This notation of 819 days is thought by Maya scholars to be merely a magical multiple of 13, 9 and 7, which equals 819. But as shown here for the first time, these 819 days are the intercalation for the tropical year. This intercalation was apparently made at Tikal, Guatemala on January 25, 293 (Julian date 1828100) and used in the Supplementary Series of dates."

Hence, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku is not some meaningless August date in 3114 B.C. but rather December 25, 3117 B.C (Julian date 583297), when a Solar Eclipse took place at the Winter Solstice - and this is the reason that the calendar started then. The interpretation that 4 Ahau 8 Cumku is in August in 3114 B.C. as Julian day number 584,283 can be traced back to so-called Maya "scholars" not only actively hindering Knorosow's correct Maya decipherment work, but also having no clue about calendration. 

A proper appreciation of IS 819 also proves clearly that Merida is not November 14, 1539 A.D. but rather correctly Julian date 2283535 as the expected Solstice date of December 25, 1539 AD.

It is then similarly clear as I have written at LexiLine concerning Halley's Comet and its observation by the Maya:

"The current Maya chronology includes a spectacular event called the Entrada of 378, for the arrival at Tikal of a lord called Siayaj K'ak' (meaning and translated "Fire Born" by the Mayanologists), dated to January 31, 378 by the Mayanologists.

At the same time, the "king" Chak Tok Ich'aak allegedly passed away on January 15, 378 (8.17.1.4.12) - whose name means "Great Burning Claw". This Entrada (Entrance) of Siyaj K'ak' took place on January 31, 378 according to mainstream Mayanology - indeed, the appearance of this mysterious "fire born" is documented 8 days earlier and his "route" is even traced in Maya records.

Now - if this were a HEAVENLY BODY it would be a fiery comet - AND it is a comet, Halley's Comet, which came very close to earth in what the serious astronomers today estimate to be 374 A.D. According to MY chronology, the Maya date January 31, 378 is correctly May 4, 375 A.D. and this is the Maya record of the sighting of this very near passage of Halley's Comet, one of the closest to Earth on record.

We find Halley returns at ca. 76-year multiples in the names of Maya "rulers".... though all the mainstream dates are off by the error of 2+years in mainstream chronology which I have discussed above.

Halley is the Accession of K'an Chitam in 458 A.D. - actually, this was 2+ years earlier. Ruler "Bird Claw?" - also known as "Animal Skull I" - this is Halley again - is dated by Mayanologists to between ca. 527 and 537 A.D.

Ca. 76- years we then have Halley again as Animal Skull II.

Halley appears again as the illustrious king Yich'aak K'ak' (Fiery Claw) whose "flint and shield" are brought down by Jasaw Chan K'awiil I on (sic) August 5, 695 A.D. - but of course this is 2+ years earlier in fact.

So, Halley has been clearly identified, and mainstream Maya chronology is off by the period of time I have previously described in great detail in other LexiLine postings."

Why has this not been recognized in Mayan Studies? 

Note that this has nothing to do with studying things like the Dresden Codex. The dates I use are standard and come from Simon Martin's and Nikolai Grube's "Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens".

It has to do with setting your cardinal dates correctly, and that has not been done

.

New Nazca Figure Found - Lupus? the Centaur? - LexiLine Journal 406

My decipherment of the Nazca lines and figures as astronomy can be found at:
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi246.htm

Now a new unknown figure with two "horns"
(actually, it looks like a hare to me)
has been found at the South end of Nazca
http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/national/news/p20060420p2a00m0na016000c.html
which would fit to the position I assigned to the Centuar (horned Bull) 0r to Lupus (the Wolf). I do not have the exact location of the new figure yet, so let me know if someone finds one online.

In any case, this is another in a continuing stream of new discoveries, all of which confirm my astronomical hypotheses.

Thornborough Henges as Astronomy - LexiLine Journal 405

The idea that the Thornborough Henges (also called Thornborough Circles) represented stars of the heavens was first presented by me in my book Stars Stones and Scholars which was published in the year 2003. It is thus rather strange now in the year 2006, to find a scholar promoting a report to be published in 2007 and - coincidentally? funded by English Heritage in 2003 coincident with my book publication - and claiming to be the first innovative one to see a specific star-oriented stellar connection at Thornoborough. That is incorrect. The innovation is mine, not anyone else's.

I have nothing against the archaeologists finally seeing that these ancient Neolithic structures are astronomical and mark the stars, but I do think that they should give credit where credit is due and honor the work of previous pioneer researchers such as myself, rather than claiming priority where none is present.

Here is a statement that I just sent to the BBC in the UK:

Your story at
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/4713820.stm
relates to the following news release
http://www.friendsofthornborough.org.uk/press_release_14_feb_2006.htm
which contains numerous inaccuracies, and thus, so does your story.

The innovation of relating the Thornborough Henges to specific stars in the sky belongs not to Dr Jan Harding in the year 2006, but rather to Andis Kaulins (J.D. Stanford University Law School, USA, 1971) and his book Stars Stones and Scholars: The Decipherment of the Megaliths (published by Trafford Publishing in the year 2003, ISBN 141201344-5), in which Kaulins writes at p. 161:

"The Thornborough Circles of Yorkshire north of Ripon calculate the position of the South Pole along the celestial meridian of the Equinoxes to the North Pole in ca. 3117 BC, i.e. a line running from the star alpha in Hydrus to the star alpha in the Southern Triangle to Antares or Dschubba in Scorpio and from there to kappa-Serpentis, the head of Serpens Caput and from there to the North Polar Star, dividing the meridian into four equal segments. The Cursus marks the edge of the Milky Way and the Mound Hill marks the Southern Pole Star. Tucana, Octans, Apus and Ara are also marked."

In addition to this book, Kaulins has numerous websites online, including [http://www.megaliths.net] where this material is presented and of which researchers such as Harding can certainly not claim to have no knowledge, if they have done any research of any kind. Yet credit is not given where credit is due. The innovation of relating the Thornborough Circles to the specific stars is mine and not Mr Harding's. Mr Harding can disagree with my conclusions but he can not ignore my work and claim to be first where he is at best second. I expect this to be corrected in your news publications forthwith. Please send me a copy of your correction when made. Thank you.

The Orion solution suggested by Harding, also considered by Kaulins when writing his book, by the way, does not stand up to close inspection and will not survive scrutiny. The Thornborough Henges do not, as claimed by Harding, have any relation to Orion and the stars of Orion's Belt whatsoever. Rather, all Neolithic sites in Ancient Britain are part of an interlocking hermetic astronomical system. The penchant of the non-astronomically inclined archaeologists to select isolated sites for scrutiny has a long history and is simply wrong.

The news release referred to is reproduced below.

"THE FRIENDS OF THORNBOROUGH HENGES

Protecting, Preserving and Enhancing Our Cultural Landscape
NEWS RELEASE
14 February, 2006

New research on Neolithic Astronomy released:
Importance of Thornborough Henges confirmed

Few aspects of archaeology are as controversial as the debate over whether the Neolithic peoples of the British Isles, living between 4000 BC and 2000 BC, were astronomers. The famous site of Stonehenge has long been seen to demonstrate that celestial bodies like the sun were integral to the period's religious beliefs and practices, but it has always proved difficult to say whether Stonehenge was unique or actually part of a broader pattern of people observing the sky.

Now a new study recently completed by Dr Jan Harding, Senior Lecturer in Archaeology at Newcastle University, provides important new information, suggesting that the sky was fundamental to the Neolithic way of life. This innovative research focuses upon the spectacular monument complex of Thornborough, in North Yorkshire, described by English Heritage's Chief Archaeological Advisor, as 'the most important prehistoric site between Stonehenge and the Orkneys'.

The study used cutting-edge technology to consider whether the Neolithic monuments at Thornborough were aligned upon the sun, moon and stars. A three-dimensional virtual reality model was built by Glyn Goodrick of the Museum of Antiquities at Newcastle University. Over this was draped images, generated by the computer programme SkyMap Pro v6, of the sky as it would have appeared in Neolithic times. The result is a virtual world in which you can position yourself to consider the reconstructed view of both the monuments and the sky.

'This study', reports Dr Harding, 'provides detailed insights into Neolithic religion and the values placed on favoured celestial phenomena. The same objects in the sky are being picked out as important for a period of around 1500 years ~ a length of time equivalent to that between the end of Roman Britain and the present day. This tells us that religion was complex long before the arrival of beliefs like Christianity and Islam'.

One of the earliest monuments, a giant elongated enclosure or cursus, about half of which has been destroyed by quarrying, was most likely built between 3500 BC and 3000 BC. This appears to have been deliberately orientated towards the midsummer solstice sunrise, to the east, and towards the setting of the three stars which make up the well known constellation of Orion's Belt, to the west. This early monument was replaced after 3000 BC by three giant circular earthwork enclosures or henges, each around 240 metres in diameter. All three henges are interrupted by a pair of entrances, all on a shared axis and aligned on the midwinter solstice sunrise. The entrances also frame the rising of Sirius, the sky's brightest star, and again, the associated constellation of Orion's Belt.

The study argues that these results make sense if considered alongside the possible roles of the Thornborough monument complex. As Jan Harding explains, 'Thornborough was a sacred landscape, a place of religious worship, and we should try to interpret these astronomical orientations within that context. People congregating within the henges would have been segregated from the outside world by the monument's imposing banks. These huge earthworks mask any view of the surrounding landscape, channelling people's attention to the sky above. This astronomical association was emphasised by the banks being coated in gypsum, a locally available substance whose whiteness added an unnatural brilliance. The drama of this scenario must have been intense. People surely felt they were at the centre of the very cosmos as they worshipped the heavens above.'

The Thornborough monument complex is also sited on what is thought to have been an important routeway linking Cumbria, the central Pennines and eastern Yorkshire. 'It is known that polished stone axes from Langdale and flints from the Yorkshire Wolds were transported along this routeway on a regular basis. Accordingly, it may be appropriate to see Thornborough as a pilgrimage centre ~ a place where people sought spiritual salvation. Importantly, the movement across the heavens of celestial bodies like the sun and Orion's Belt could be used to determine the most propitious times for seasonal festivals or celebrations. In such a way, the skyscape and people's life cycles would be in harmony.' This recently completed research, which was funded by Newcastle University, will be included in a major new report to be published on the Thornborough monument complex in 2007.

Much of this sacred landscape has already been lost to open-cast gravel mining and Tarmac now owns the land upon which two of the henges were constructed by our ancestors. Indeed, on 21 February, North Yorkshire County Council is due to decide whether to permit Tarmac to extend its quarrying operations on to Ladybridge Farm, where the remains of a Neolithic settlement used by the henge builders and users is located.

END

For further information, contact:

Mike Sanders, Press Officer, The Friends of Thornborough Henges (01609-777480)
Dr Jan Harding, School of Historical Studies, University Of Newcastle (0191-222-7966)"

Two days later I wrote:

"There is an old saw about the acceptance of new ideas and mainstream science. It goes like this:

first ideas are ridiculed,
then, if they will not go away, those ideas are strongly opposed,
if all that fails, and if the evidence is overwhelming (as it is in the things that I write about)
with time, however, such ideas are accepted as if they were something everyone knew all along,
indeed and especially, known by those very same mainstream scientists
who had opposed these same ideas the entire time beforehand,
and lastly
those who did not develop those ideas at all in fact then claim those ideas as their own.

I have been deciphering ancient documents and ancient sites - without remuneration - for about 30 years now and my astronomical decipherment of the Etruscan Bronze Liver of Piacenza e.g. was published 26 years ago in 1980 as The Etruscan Bronze Liver of Piacenza: An Ancient Starfinder and Calendar (a monograph found in libraries throughout the world, including the British Public Library, mentioned in a Harvard/Smithsonian/NASA catalogue entry, etc.)

My recent book, Stars Stones and Scholars: Decipherment of the Megaliths as an Ancient Survey of the Earth by Astronomy, sent to English Heritage for review in 2003, did not just materialize out of thin air, but was the product of years and years of research in this field. Moreover, I was not funded by hundreds of thousands of pounds from the English Heritage, but in fact have always funded my own research. My thanks in the world of mainstream science has thus far consisted of stupid comments by ignorant stuffed-shirt academics who are lucky to walk and chew gum at the same time.

The 2003 Thornborough Project is described here, with no mention of the astronomical significance of the Thornborough Circles. The appreciation of their possible astronomical significance by mainstream archaeologists in the UK has happened only recently, after the publication of my book, and after the sending of that book to places such as English Heritage.

I trust it is then understandable that I am somewhat displeased if new researchers, heavily funded by English Heritage, suddenly begin popping out of the woodwork to claim that they are the innovators in matching ancient Neolithic sites with stars in the sky, which is simply not true. They are followers, not innovators.

My effort in this field can not be ignored and any mainstream scientists or organizations doing that are going to hear about it."

Hatshepsut as Biblical Deborah Lost and Found in Egypt : Precession of the Equinoxes : Celestial Equator : Virgo : Hydra - LexiLine Journal 404

Hatshepsut, who I have identified for years as the biblical Deborah, has now been claimed to have been "lost and found" as a mummy on the third floor of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The Egypt State Information Service writes:

"The true mummy of ancient Egyptian queen Hatshepsut was discovered in the third floor of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Secretary General of Supreme Council for Antiquities Zahi Hawwas revealed on Thursday.

The mummy was missing among thousands of artifacts lying in the museum, he said during his lecture at the New York-based Metropolitan Museum of Arts.

He said for decades archaeologists believed that a mummy found in Luxor was that of the Egyptian queen. It was a streak of luck, he said, to find this mummy.

The Metropolitan is hosting a Hatshepsut exhibition that displays 270 artifacts on the life history of the queen.

The American museum honoured Hawwas and his accompanying delegation in appreciation of their effort to unravel the mysteries of the Egyptian Pharaohnic age."

Is Hawass right? We think so.

First, let us be clear that in my analysis,
Deborah = Hatshepsut
and
Barak = Thutmosis I (Thutmose I).

Hatshepsut was the only "Queen" of Egypt and Deborah was the only "Female Judge" of pre-monarchic Israel. They are one and the same person.

According to current scholarship, the name Deborah allegedly meant "bee" but in fact her name is given in hieroglyphs by the symbols of the bread loaf (TE or DE), the vase pot (PO or BO incorrectly read by the Egyptologists as H because they have confused a reading for "fluid", i.e. the content of the pot), and the lion symbol (L or R, as Egyptologists should have known from the use of the lion for that sound in later eras).

Actually the original name is something like BTL or PTL which I think is Hebrew hlwtb (bethula) meaning "virgin" or "Virgo", as her assigned place in the heavens. The term la-pi-do-th (Lapidoth), affiliated with Deborah as her alleged partner, just comes from a different reading of that same hieroglyph, moving the order of letters around, and was probably intentional. We explain this later below.

The astronomical conclusion that Deborah was Virgo is also verified by the picture and hieroglyphs found on one of the stone slabs marking the entrance to tomb KV20, where Deborah (Hatshepsut) is shown sitting on the back of a long downward and then upward curving giant serpent (clearly Hydra) at the exact position marking Virgo (p. 94 of the German version of The Complete Valley of the Kings by Reeves and Wilkinson).


This marks the seventh hour of the so-called amduat, the hidden chambers of the hours of night, which of course are astronomical regions of the stars and can be followed quite easily - my discovery - from the Spring Equinox point to Taurus to Osiris (Orion) and onward toward Hydra and the deepest underworld, for in about 1500 BC the lowest point of the celestial equator in its 26000-year circuit is in Hydra and Deborah's staff in the picture on the stone slab referred to above marks that lowest point at the bottom of the neck of Hydra.

Let me also point out that Barak in Hebrew means "lightning" which is of course then related to Latvian PERK-onis "thunder". In Latvian there is however another homophonic word and that is PEREKlis (origin of the Greek name Pericles) =BARAK and that word means "roost of a bird", and that is why the name hieroglyph of Thutmosis, who is BARAK, is a bird on a roost PEREKlis, a word also found in Akkadian by the way. Hence, there is little doubt that tomb KV38 in its astronomically intentional high roost in the Valley of Kings was in fact the original tomb of Barak (Thutmosis I) and that John Romers' dating of KV38 after KV20 is simply wrong. KV 20 indeed represents the amduat in its shape and that is why it was dug so deeply underground. It had an astronomical significance. All of these observations are my discoveries. The Egyptologists are asleep.

As for the area of the heavens which was intended as BARAK's roost, note that parqenoj ("parthenos" - virgin), i.e. PARQ = BARAK, also means virgin, so we have a match with Deborah and Barak in terms of where their realms were placed in the heavens. Deborah's realm would be Virgo and Barak's Bootes above it. As noted by Richard Hinckley Allen in Star Names (p. 101), Al Biruni refers to Arcturus as "the second calf of the lion" and Spica (in Virgo) is "the first calf of the lion", which "first calf" of the lion we see in Deborah's hieroglyphic name. Ideler showed that Arabic Bootes was also BAKKAR, the Herdsman (Allen p. 97), obviously an Arabic name confusion with BARAK.

But of course, that is not all. Let us turn to the tombs in the Valley of Kings at THEBES (recall that Latvian DEBESS means "heaven" and THEBES = DEBESS). The Valley of Kings at Thebes was the "heaven" to which the deceased pharaohs were sent.

Relying on the Thames and Hudson book, The Complete Valley of the Kings, which I have in my library in the German version as Das Tal der Koenige, by Nicholas Reeves and Richard H. Wilkinson, Econ, 1997 and various similar sources we discover that:

Deborah's (Hatshepsut's) tomb was first planned to be a cliff tomb at Wadi Sikket Taquet el-Zaid [German Wadi Sikket Taqa el-Zeide], discovered by Howard Carter in 1916, but this "rock tomb " was never finished and never used.

Rather, after Barak, Deborah's father passed away, she became the regent and decided to make her own tomb KV20, bringing her beloved father down from tomb KV38 to join her at some point. Note here that it is generally thought Deborah's "partner" was Lapidoth, a term also meaning"red-haired", but she had no partner. Lapidoth was Deborah.

When the mummies were moved to save them from the grave robbers in the era of Ramses IX, it is clear that Deborah's (Hatshepsut's) mummy was saved to the nearest smaller and thus less endangered tomb, that of her wet nurse in Tomb KV60,with the mummy for protection probably then placed in that coffin in the stead of her nurse. There were thus in fact two mummies found in KV60. One of them is still there and the other of these mummies, the blondish red-haired one is the one that was taken to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and which is now being hailed as the mummy of Deborah (Hatshepsut).

And here is my conclusion.

There is no doubt that the mummy with goldish-blonde red hair is Deborah (Hatshepsut), for Deborah was in fact famed for her red hair as Lapidoth, which is just another reading of the hieroglyphs of her name.

Other people pooh-bah Zahi Hawass as a showman, which he definitely is, and a good one, but I think he has an excellent nose for the truth, because he is sincerely interested in how actual history took place, and that is often more important than anything. In the instant case, we support Hawass in his conclusion. The blondish red-haired mummy is clearly Deborah (Hatshepsut).

The exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum is titled "Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh". Imagine how many people would come to that exhibition if they knew that Hatshepsut was the biblical Deborah. New York City would have to worry about sinking because of the weight of the visitors.

I should note in closing that I was of course at the Hatschepsut exhibition when it was held here in Germany in Speyer in the year 2002 and it was terrific, and I can only recommend to all of you to go to New York and see this wonderful exhibition. I also recommend a publication I bought in German which is perhaps by now available in English. It is: Alfred Grimm and Sylvia Schoske, Hatschepsut: KoenigIN Aegyptens, Muenchen 1999, Heft 8 der Schriften der Aegyptischen Sammlung (SAS).