Ancient Reconstruction of the Heavens on the Ground, by Sam Newbold - LexiLine Journal 277

Here is a nice posting by Sam Newbold to a discussion list
that I found online at

http://astronomyphysics.com/read.php?f=16&i=25&t=23

replying to a question about the ancient's knowledge of astronomy:

>Author: sam newbold (snewbold@elon.edu)
>Date: 02-21-02 15:45

>ancient cultures were not able to see more than their naked eye
>would allow. However, through painstaking astronomical recordings,
>they were able to reconstruct the heavens onto the ground. this is
>revealed through many megalithic structures that were built
>millinea in the past. some examples are: the Giza plateau in Egypt -
>built to replicate the 3 belt stars of Orion (Osiris), Ankor Wat
>and Ankor Thom in Cambodia - built to replicate Draco (Dragon), and
>the Candelabra of the Andes - shaped to replicate the Southern
Cross.

>the sky-ground dualism that ancient civilizations tried to capture
>was a process that gradually developed through monotonous
>calculations. actual observatories were built to study the sky
>like: stonehenge, the temple of Amen-Ra at Karnak, and the Maya's
>Chichen Itza. Astronomy was religion in these cultures, which is
>why they were so determined to build these structures.

Pharaonic Egypt Nomes Deciphered - LexiLine Journal 276

I have now added the file nomesofegypt.png [see below]


to our LexiLine Files at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LexiLine/files/Egypt/
showing the hieroglyphs marking those nomes.

Additionally, I have posted many new materials regarding the Egyptian Nomes to my
Ancient Egypt Weblog at http://ancientegyptweblog.blogspot.com/

As you can see, it is possible to work directly with the graphics in the blog, which is not possible on this list.

> After years of struggling with the origin of the identities of the
> nomes (counties) of Egypt, I have finally solved the problem and
> have uploaded the solution as
>
> nomesegypt.png [below]



> to our LexiLine files on Ancient Egypt at
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LexiLine/files/Egypt/.
>
> The results - in text form - are:
> (the numbering applies to Nomes as found on a map at p. 6 of Shaw
> and Nicholson's British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt) The
> identification of each nome with a particular area of the heavens
is
> of course my discovery.
>
> LOWER EGYPT (= below the ecliptic)
> 1. nu-Hydrae
> 2. Crater
> 3. Corvus
> 4. Spica in Virgo
> 5. V-stars of Centaurus
> 6. V of Horns of Lupus
> 7. West Harpoon of Scorpio
> 8. Middle of Scorpio
> 9. Staff (Stinger) of Scorpio
> 10. Corona Australis - Sagittarius
> 11. Start of Capricorn
> 12. End of Capricorn
> 13. Aquarius
> 14. Front of Cetus - Diphda
> 15. Achernar - Phoenix
> 16. Menkar ("First of the Fish")
> 17. Taurus - Aldebaran
> 18. Front of Orion
> 19. Back of Orion - Sirius
> 20. Puppis
> 21. No Nome - Break in the Milky Way
> 22. No Nome - Break in the Milky Way
>
> UPPER EGYPT (= above the ecliptic)
> 1. Chort / Duhr in Leo
> 2. Canes Venatici
> 3. Coma Berenices
> 4. Handle of Ursa Major
> 5. Boötes
> 6. Libra
> 7. Corona Borealis
> 8. Hercules
> 9. Phallus of Hercules
> 10. Serpens Cauda
> 11. Aquila - Altair
> 12. Tail of Aquarius
> 13. Front of Pegasus
> 14. Back of Pegasus
> 15. Cassiopeia
> 16. Camelopardalis Perseus
> 17. Auriga
> 18. Crossing Ecliptic : Celestial Equator
> 19. Gemini
> 20. Front of the Cup of Ursa Major
> 21. Back of the Cup of Ursa Major
> 22. The Knife of Leo Minor
>
> Ancient Egypt had 22 Nomes in Upper Egypt and 20 Nomes in Lower
> Egypt. All 22 of the Upper Egypt Nomes are found documented in the
> Old Kingdom according to Rainer Hannig's Egyptian Dictionary of
the
> Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, which was essential for
> my decipherment. However, only the nomes 3 and 6-16 of Lower
Egypt
> are documented in that same dictionary of oldest sources. This was
> very useful for decipherment- especially the fact that 6-16 seemed
> to be more important in ancient days than the others.
>
> Due to the similarity of the number of nomes in Pharaonic Egypt
with
> the 42 megalithic asterisms which I deciphered at the Neolithic
> Arbor Low in Derbyshire, England in my book Stars Stones and
Scholars
> see http://www.trafford.com/robots/03-1722.html
> and what appear to be a similar number of 42 heavenly temples in
the
> Sumerian Temple Hymns which I am still in the process of
> deciphering - actually I have them deciphered too for the most
part,
> I just have to find time to write everything down -
> I was always certain that the Egyptian nomes were also hermetic in
> origin, but was never able to discover just how it was done.
>
> By hermetic origin I mean that the Pharaonic Egyptians
> also "surveyed", i.e. divided up their land on earth, by resort to
> the stars - this is not esotericism, as some might claim, but
common
> sense in ancient days, where men had to navigate around the earth
by
> land or sea without printed maps bought in the neighborhood shop.
> The ancients used a known visible "map", i.e. that of the heavens,
> and applied it to their survey and mapping of locations on earth.
> Whoever knew the heavens and understood the application of that
map
> above to any land measurement below had a consultable heaven-based
> map in his head he could follow on the ground. That was the whole
> idea of the megalithic system of survey that I explain in my book.
>
> The nomes proved difficult to crack because they run vertically
> along the course of the Nile in Upper Egypt and fan out
horizontally
> in the Nile Delta. How did the ancients apply the stars to any
kind
> of nome system on the ground for this topography? Ordinarily, the
> ancients put the ecliptic and celestial poles in the middle of a
> region and then placed the rest of the stars around them in the
> course of mapping. On the Nile, that system would not work.
>
> Through my revision of the decipherment of the hieroglyphs on the
> basis of the hieroglyphs found in Hannig's book, I was able to
> muster up some critical clues which led to the cracking of the
> puzzle. Critical here was Nome 16 in Lower Egypt which Hannig at
> page 1564 transliterates as "Erste der Fische" (first of the
fish).
> As already noted in my book, Stars Stones and Scholars, the "cord
of
> the fish" (Arabic Risha) was important to the ancients and played
a
> role in my decipherment of the megaliths. Was it possible, if the
> Pharaonic nome system was indeed hermetic, that Nome 16 in Lower
> Egypt then also somehow marked Risha or a nearby "fish".
>
> This thought gave me a starting point for analyzing the
hieroglyphs
> of all the nomes in Hannig's book, some of which I was able to
> identify due to previous work on other hieroglyphs. Some of the
nome
> names are already known by the Egyptologists to mean "front of"
> or "back of", so this part of the decipherment had already been
> partially done - but no one knew what front or back was intended,
> nor in what context. I was able to apply some text decipherments
to
> support those identifications. For example, the Latvian
term "aste"
> means "tail (back in this sense), viz. "aiz to", behind that",
which
> explained the hieroglyphs written as "is-ja-te", using my
corrected
> values for the particular hieroglyphs involved.
>
> The rest of the decipherment then simply proceeded from that
> starting point.
>
> Of course, I shall have much more to post on this in the future -
> this is just the introduction.
>

The Lost Ark of the Covenant - LexiLine Journal 275

I get a fair amount of e-mail to which I reply if the questions posed are interesting and sensible. One such recent e-mail concerned my work on the Ark of the Covenant and I present it further below.

For those not familiar with my work, get essential historical background information and view my theory concerning the Lost Ark of the Covenant as found at my LexiLine.com website at

http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi80.htm and starting at
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi000.htm - Introduction
followed by these additional pages
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi222.htm - Anubis in the Tomb of Tutankhamun
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi333.htm - The Mercy Seat of the Tabernacle
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi400.htm - The Consecrated Parts of Aaron (this is ADONAI at the Tabernacle = ATON, see
http://www.heartofisrael.org/teachings/rabbi/Pkudei.htm)
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi444.htm - The Lampstand of the Tabernacle
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi555.htm - Shrine I the Outer Shrine of the Tabernacle
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi556.htm - Shrine II the First Inner Shrine of the Tabernacle
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi557.htm - Shrine III the Second Inner Shrine of the Tabernacle
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi558.htm - Shrine IV the Innermost Shrine of the Tabernacle (the above 4 large Shrines fit inside one another)
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi559.htm - The Golden Shrine of the Psalms for the Golden Ushebtis
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi600.htm - The Pectoral Jewels of the Hebrew High Priest Cohen Gadol
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi888.htm - The Artists who Made the Ark and the Tabernacle - Bez Alel and Oho Liab
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi300.htm - Moses and Exodus

Here is the e-mail I received about this and my answers to it:

>Hello,

>I am neither a person educated in history or archaeology, I am simply a
>person with an interest in those two subjects and I read about them both
>quite a lot. Recently my interest has wandered into the area of the Jewish
>revolt in the first century A.D. I was researching on the internet on the
>Hebrew treasures that were taken from the temple by the Romans and what had
>become of them, that's how I found your website. I have some questions,
>please forgive me if they seem simplistic;

>1) What would the Hebrew treasures be doing in the tomb of Tutankhamun?

According to my theory, they were hidden there by the Hebrew priests when it was clear that they were soon to lose their power in Egypt. Scholars are of different minds about the date that this occurred, but it seems clear to me that it was much earlier than currently assumed.

Obviously, the grave of Tutankhamun was not intended for him originally, being only 4 small unimpressive rooms, hardly a fitting tomb for what was found there. Hence, a simple tomb intended for someone else - a lesser royal (probably Smenkhare) - was used as a hiding place. They hid the treasures and then covered the entrance with rubble and it was not found until more than 3000 years later by Howard Carter.

>2) Why would Hebrew treasures look Egyptian and not...well, more Hebrew?
>I.e: these items appear to be covered with Egyptian hierogliphics and symbology.

Because the Hebrews were the Egyptian priests and pharaohs - so my theory. After all, they WERE in Egypt and yet, to read the materials of Egyptology, there is nary a trace of them there. That is impossible. Moreover, the Bible - a Hebrew book originally - is FULL of the accounts of kings - so what kings could these in actuality be? We have found no trace of a King Solomon or King David in present day Israel. Hence, these kings existed previously to the time now assigned to them by the scholars, and these kings can only be the Pharaohs.

>3) Where are these treasures now?

I do not claim to know anything about treasures taken by the Romans 2000 years ago. These have nothing to do with the treasures identified in the Mishnayot. Many of the treasures related in the Mishnayot are in part found in the Tomb of Tutankhamun. What has happened to the rest is anybody's guess.

>4) What about the claim that the Ark of the Covenant is being guarded at the
>St Mary of Zion Church, Axum in Ethiopia?

There is a nice documentary about this by Bluebook Films
http://www.bluebookfilms.com/archive.html
entitled "The Lost Ark".

Bruce Burgess of Bluebook Films was there on site and came away clearly convinced that there was nothing there and that the above claim was a nice fairy tale. Perhaps some of the Egyptian priests fled to Ethiopia in those days and perhaps this is the source of the legend.

>I appreciate you taking the time to answer my questions, even though they
>are very basic. I would also like to add that I think you are very brave
>putting such a controversial theory on the internet, you must come under
>attack many times. I am of open mind and I enjoyed your website.

---- next e-mail from the same person after receiving answers ----

>Thank you, very, very much for such a speedy and detailed response.
>I am deeply impressed by your theories, they provide much food for
>thought. I am very much impressed by your willingness to question
>conventionally accepted history. The things you have said have made
>a lot of sense. I hope someday you are proven correct !

Bangu-Dae Ulsan Korea Pisces Cetus - LexiLine Journal 274

To our LexiLine Files at

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LexiLine/files

in our directory for Korea I have uploaded the file bangu-dae.png [below]


showing that the Bangu-Dae archaeological site in Ulsan, which is on the southeast coast of South Korea, marks the position of Pisces and Cetus in the ancient geodetic survey of the Korean Peninsula, which had the area of Seoul as its astronomically hermetic center of heaven.

My uploaded drawing of the rock drawing of Bangu-Dae, Ulsan is based on a photo found at BBC at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3638853.stm

The rock drawing - according to my analysis - shows the region of the sky from the Spring Equinox to the Winter Solstice ca. 3117 BC. Caelum is marked as the profile of a human face, Eridanus as an animal or possibly swordfish. Pisces and Cetus are marked by fish (perhaps whales or dolphins). Taurus is marked by a boat similar to the boat drawings found in Scandinavia and predynastic Egypt.

See http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi239.htm and
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi251.htm

Auriga is the head of a bird, Perseus is a human figure, Cassiopeia is marked by four figures for its four major stars, Andromeda and Pegasus seem to be formed by the head of an elephant. The Circlet of Pisces could be a fishing boat and Aquarius a type of "floating bucket" used to hold captured whales or dolphins above water. The heavily marked line on the stone marks the line of the Winter Solstice. To its right are Cygnus as the head of a bird and below that the figures of a dog's head and a cat's figure. Capricorn could be a hook (or a horn) or some round fish.